Smog standard measure of oil and gas pdf

Jun 25, 2019 3 oil and gas companies may also standardize their production in units of barrels of oil equivalent, or boe. This figure doesnt count the financial impact on the. Oil natural gas synthetic oil synthetic gas product a reserves category mbbls mmcf mbbls mmcf measure proved developed continent a continent b country a country b other countries in continent b undeveloped summary of oil and gas reserves as of fye 123109 based on average fiscalyear prices 11 continent a continent b country a. Measurement guideline for upstream oil and gas operations. How does an oil and gas company measure and state its production.

The amendments are designed to modernize and update the oil. United states office of air quality epa 456f99006r. However, much to the surprise of many, cold conditions do not prevent such smog from appearing in rural areas where oil and gas development is prevalent. Frederick encyclopedia of life support systems eolss pollutants. Epa is considering its options in light of the courts opinion. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash. This standard is applicable throughout the national territory to gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, agricultural and marine diesel, industrial diesel, fuel oil, domestic gas oil, gasoline, initial filling gasoline, intermediate fuel oil and liquid petroleum gas throughout the chain of production and supply, including their importation. Basf report 2010 standardized measure of discounted future. Standard measure of oil and gas sec value of reserves or smog based on standardized discounted cash flow analysis of proved reserves. I believe there is about 12 or 15 gallons of fuel in the tank. The sec requirements that provide the basis of standardization are. At least two distinct types of smog are recognized.

The term smog was first used in london during the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog that often blanketed the city. Epas proposed air pollution standards for the oil and. Oct 14, 2009 oil natural gas synthetic oil synthetic gas product a reserves category mbbls mmcf mbbls mmcf measure proved developed continent a continent b country a country b other countries in continent b undeveloped summary of oil and gas reserves as of fye 123109 based on average fiscalyear prices 11 continent a continent b country a country b. Epas latest step makes clear that states need to take action to control smog. Alternative calculations are shown where there are multiple ways to make these calculations. Western oil and gas association and including two federal agencies, the effect of fuel composition on the reactivity of exhaust was determined. During the summer season when the temperatures are warmer and there is more sunlight present, photochemical smog is the dominant type of smog formation. At certain times of the year, particularly spring and fall, weather conditions in this area are dominated by subtropical high pressure with clear. The following information has been prepared in accordance with sfas 69 and the regulations of the securities and exchange commission, which require the standardized measure of discounted future cash flows based on sales prices, costs and statutory interest rates. These health risks are why many cities monitor smog levels. Summer smog is primarily associated with the photochemical formation of ozone. The word smog was coined in the early 20th century, and is a contraction portmanteau of the words smoke and fog to refer to smoky fog. Between january, 2015, and december, 2016, more than a hundred u. While the smog readability formula is an easy way to determine readability, another option is the fleschkincaid grade level index.

The sector requires new business models, rationalized portfolios, accelerated investment in digital technologies and greater capital flexibility. The trace gas species formed in photochemical smog include the secondary oxidants ozone, pans, and inorganic sulfuric and nitric acids. What is the standardized measure of an oil and gas company. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows from production of proved reserves are developed as follows. Unesco eolss sample chapters environmental and ecological chemistry vol. Nox technologies currently used for stationary internal. Smogcausing pollutants are created by combustion, in particular from the burning of fuels such as oil, gas and coal. Cires, noaa study confirms leaks from oil and gas operations during two days of intensive airborne measurements, oil and gas operations in colorados front range leaked nearly three times as much methane, a greenhouse gas, as predicted based on inventory estimates, and seven times as much benzene, a regulated air toxic. Fogs can be viewed as clouds that are in contact with. Activities covered by this standard include the development of both onshore and offshore reserves. Oil wells, including those that produce associated gas, do not appear to be included in the proposed rules definition of gas well. But few companies are fully harnessing the power of digitalization.

Smog reporting is the combination of a reconciliation rolling the quantity of oil, gas and ngls from year to year, a taxeffected present value of the reserves and a 12component reconciliation of that value from the prior year to the current year that companies are required to do for their annual reporting. United states and is the primary constituent of smog. Circuit vacated epas 90day stay of portions of the 2016 new source performance standards for the oil and gas industry. This test is automatically calculated on your microsoft word documents. Epa takes on more smog pollution from oil and gas industry. Open geospatial consortium ogc is an international voluntary consensus standards organization of over 470 companies, government agencies and universities participating in a consensus process to develop publicly available interface, encoding, and protocol standards for enabling the integration and sharing of geospatial content and services in any gis, location. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves smog. Olaguer, in atmospheric impacts of the oil and gas industry, 2017.

At certain times of the year, particularly spring and fall, weather conditions in this area are dominated by subtropical high pressure with clear, calm air conditions that exacerbate. The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known as pea soup fog, a familiar and serious problem in london from the 19th century to the mid20th century. State pressured to reduce front range smog caused by oil. Sep 27, 2008 i pulled my rv out of storage today to go get a smog test. This measurement converts gas production to oil production on an energyequivalent basis. Jul 21, 2019 the term smog was first used in london during the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog that often blanketed the city. Abbreviations and acronyms aofp absolute open flow potential aopl association of oil pipe lines apcd air pollution control district apd application for permit to drill api american petroleum institute apm application for permit to modify appre appraisal report aps active pipe support aq air quality. In the three decades that have passed since adoption of these disclosure items, there have been significant changes in the oil and gas industry. A potential threat in lahore pakistan article pdf available in pakistan journal of medical research 554. Reducing methane emissions from the oil and natural gas industry. Offshore oil and gas industry abbreviations and acronyms. Air quality impacts of oil and gas american geosciences. Smog is often categorized as being either summer smog or winter smog.

Nox technologies currently used for gas turbines 31. Reducing methane emissions from the oil and natural gas. When inhaled, smog irritates our airways, increasing our risk of serious heart and lung diseases. Oil and gas producing companies, by establishing disclosures about oil and gas producing activities 1 to be made for publicly traded enterprises 2 when presenting a complete set of annual financial statements. All widely used combustible fuels emit harmful toxic or ozoneforming gases and particles when burned to provide energy. In any case if old gas is used during a smog test, what is the result. After microsoft word completes a grammar check under tools in the tool bar, readability statistics are displayed.

On a high ozonealert day, for example, your eyes and throat may burn, and you may cough and wheeze. Sulfurous smog results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air. This is sometimes referred to as the standardized measure of oil and gas, or smog. In any case if old gas is used during a smog test, what.

The trace gas species formed in photochemical smog include the secondary oxidants. Oil and gas companies should strive to find the ideal blend of human and machine capabilities in every function, and use the resulting productivity gains to redeploy employees to tasks that can improve business results. That surprised me at first because theres no obvious reason why it would be more popular than the others. Open geospatial consortium ogc is an international voluntary consensus standards organization of over 470 companies, government agencies and universities participating in a consensus process to develop publicly available interface, encoding, and protocol standards for enabling the integration and sharing of geospatial content and services in any gis, location services, remote sensing, portal. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proven oil and gas reserves smog the following information has been prepared in accordance with sfas 69 and the regulations of the securities and exchange commission, which require the standardized measure of discounted future cash flows based on sales prices, costs and. These air pollutants can have a wide array of public health impacts, such as increasing the rate of certain cardiovascular heart and pulmonary lung diseases, cancers, and strokes. However, smog levels are rising in places like colorados front range, along with booming oil and gas development. Evolving energy demand and pricing outlooks are transforming the oil and gas industry. Accordingly, the commission stated that changes from the full cost method to the successful efforts method would not require a preferability letter. Actions and notices about oil and natural gas air pollution.

The epa notes that the majority of people only need to be concerned about smog when ozone exposure reaches high levels. Measuring emissions from oil and gas drilling climate. Formatin and effects of smog encyclopedia of life support. November 2018 uncontrolled copy once downloaded measurement. Reducing smog will protect all americans especially our kids, older adults and. Londontype smog occurs in the regions where 1 emission of the sulfurcontaining compounds is high due to burning of coal to generate heat and energy.

Henry antoine des voeux in his paper, fog and smoke, which he presented at a meeting of the public health congress in july 1905. In asr 300, the commission announced that it would allow registrants to change methods of accounting for oil and gas producing activities so long as such changes were in accordance with gaap. However, the definition is somewhat vague and therefore leaves room for improvement, and as written, could be construed to include oil wells that produce associated gas. When the weather changes, resulting in cleaner air, the ministry issues an advisory termination notice. Understanding sec oil and gas reserve reporting stout. Oil and gas operators in the front range would have to retrofit equipment and conduct more frequent inspections to detect leaks, if state regulators on friday approve proposed rules aimed at. Final rule pwalker on prod1pc71 with rules2 verdate nov 2008 19. I pulled my rv out of storage today to go get a smog test. Smog is formed in our atmosphere when nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons hc react together in sunlight. A smog chamber comparison of a microfluidic derivatisation measurement of gasphase glyoxal and methylglyoxal with other analytical techniques. According to several sources, the term was first coined by dr.

How does an oil and gas company measure and state its. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Securities and exchange commission 17 cfr parts 210, 211 et al. Reducing methane emissions from the oil and natural gas industry march 10, 2016 as part of the obama administrations commitment to addressing air pollution and climate change, epa announced its next step in reducing emissions of methane from the oil and natural gas industry.

Severe smog is usually produced under hot and humid urban conditions. Smog shop says it is running rich big time by throwing their instrument in the tail pipe. This early study utilized an engine dynamometer, a standardized driving cycle, and a smog chamber with instrumentation quite similar to that in use today. Bc oil and gas commission measurement guideline for upstream oil and gas operations v 2.